Parenteral Nutrition and Drug Administration
- Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- +251-922750098
- binimakon96gmail.com
when we define parenteral, it means administering liquid food and sustenance into the body without involving the ordinary digestive canal, neither through the mouth or any part of the alimentary canal.
If you come across the term parenteral nutrition, it means delivering food into the vein using injection. Patients unable to digest and absorb nutrients normally because of continuous vomiting, severe diarrhea, or intestinal disease are fed using injecting nutrients in the form of liquid. In addition, patients with short bowel syndrome, GI fistulas, bowel obstruction, severe acute pancreatitis, and critically ill patients are usually administered parenteral nutrition.
Parenteral drug administration is the provision of medicinal drugs using injection bypassing the skin and mucous membranes of the patient.
Common Parenteral Routes
This section outlines the three common ways where parenteral drug administration is conducted.
| Intramuscular (IM) | Subcutaneous | Intravenous (IV) | Intradermal (ID) |
| Intramuscular injection is a way of delivering medication to the muscles. This injection allows quick absorption and diffusion of the medicine into the bloodstream. This technique is used to give medicines and vaccines. | The subcutaneous injection delivers medicine into the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis or below the cutis. Medications like insulin, morphine, diacetylmorphine, and goserelin are given utilizing subcutaneous injection, allowing the gradual release of the medicines. | Intravenous injection is the method of administrating nutrition or medication directly into the patient's vein. This technique can also help to rehydrate the patient. Even blood can be donated to a patient by this very technique. This method allows quick delivery of substances into the bloodstream. | This injection delivers the medication into the dermis just under the epidermis. This technique is used for conditions like allergies or while testing for tuberculosis. This injection permits the gradual diffusion of medication into the bloodstream. |
Precautions Related to Safe Practice of Parenteral Injection
According to opentextbc.ca, the following practices should be done to ensure the safe preparation of parenteral injection. Parenteral medication administration requires knowledge and expertise in administering the product injected without causing harm to the person being treated and causing danger to oneself. First, it is critical to recognize how to avoid infections. Parenteral-induced infections are prevalent among healthcare establishments. A second issue is medication administration errors. Errors can happen at any given point during the process, starting from the reconstitution of the components of parental substance to administration route options to the completion of the treatment process. Self-inflicted injuries are also not ruled out with parenteral nutrition—a needle-stick injury to the person administering the medication and preventing discomfort in the patient. What are good points a clinician should observe is to perform good hand hygiene before administration and after removing gloves.
Keep sterile needle parts; other components are used to administer such products. Avoid letting barren parts of the material for the procedure touch unsterile surfaces such as the outer edges of the ampule or vial or any container. The needle cap's character or the counterparts should not be placed on a sterile surface. Always keep the needle covered with a cap when not in use, and use the scoop-cap method to avoid needle-stick injuries. Avoid touching the length of the plunger. Keep the tip of the syringe sterile by covering it with a cap or needle. Wash the patient's skin with soap and water when it is soiled with dirt, drainage, or fecal matter/urine. Use single-dose vials/ampules whenever possible. This will reduce the need for recapping and creating unnecessary surfaces to bread harmful bacteria. Do not keep multi-dose vials in the patient treatment area. A medicine for someone can harm another person. Discard if sterility is compromised or questionable in a manner it does not end up in a drinking Water Source for example. Do not combine and administer medications from single-dose vials or ampules for later use. Ampules should not sit open and be used immediately, then discarded appropriately. Refer to the EPA's disposal guideline below to read more on the medication disposal management website. A single-use syringe and needle must be used with each patient. Always inspect the packaging for intactness; inspect for dryness, rips, torn corners, and expiry date. If single-use equipment is not available, use syringes and needles designed for steam sterilization.
To summarize, we must ensure the safe delivery of prescription drugs and nutrition in the parenteral nutrition and drug administration we discussed. Injecting a substance into the bloodstream has a lot of points that are cause for concern. Also, the destination of the injection can differ based on the patient's condition. Determining the appropriate speed for medication, such as how quick or slow the diffusion into the bloodstream, should happen. The final thought should be to ensure the medical equipment is sterile and safe, following the manufacturer's guidelines.